浩兰,浩和兰的成语

1、南京浩兰景观艺术工程有限公司怎么样？

2、上海浩兰翻译有限公司怎么样？

简介注册号所在地上海市注册资本10万人民币法定代表高浩平企业类型有限责任公司（自然人投资或控股）登记状态存续登记机关闵行分局注册地址上海市闵行区莘浜路85弄1号807室
法定代表人高浩平
成立时间2007-09-28
注册资本10万人民币
工商注册号310112000785404
企业类型有限责任公司（自然人投资或控股）
公司地址上海市闵行区莘浜路85弄1号807室详情官方电话官方服务官方网站天眼服务

3、黄鹤楼送孟浩兰之广陵的诗意

【诗文解释】

老朋友在西面的黄鹤楼与我辞别，在三月份烟雾迷漫、繁花似锦的春天去扬州。孤船的帆影渐渐远去消失在碧空的尽头，只看见长江浩浩荡荡地向天边流去。

【词语解释】

【诗文赏析】

李白与孟浩然的交往，是在他刚出四川不久，正当年轻快意的时候，他眼里的世界，还几乎像黄金般美好。比李白大十多岁的孟浩然，这时已经诗名满天下。诗人送友人远行，对老朋友要去繁华的扬州充满了羡慕，诗中洋溢着欢快的情绪。诗人在江边极目远送，可见两人友情的深厚。全诗自然清丽、境界开阔、形象传神

4、韩国2011春节综艺娱乐特别节目？

KBS2011bigstarX-file
KBS新春特辑IdolBrain大决战
SBS明星情侣最强战
MBC明星舞蹈大决斗
KBSGlobalStar青白战
SBS明星相亲一次见面吧
KBSIdol健康美女大会
SBS偶像的帝王
KBS艺人福不福马拉松大会
MBC7080Idolstar歌手王

5、同是吴谨言做女主，为什么《皓镧传》的反响和《延禧攻略》差这么多？

去年于正出品的一部《延禧攻略》成为年度爆款电视剧。连带着聂远、秦岚等老戏骨们都再度翻红。这剧之后，给网友们留下了很大的遗憾！随后不久，于正的另一部剧《皓镧传》又开始了新一轮的宣传。《延禧攻略》原班人马倾情出演，这口号一出，让无数网友开始期待这部新剧来。

6、哪里可以找到拖拉机的英文专业术语？

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractor
Atractorisavehicleintendedfordrawing,towing,pushingorpullingsomethingwhichcannotpropelitselfand,often,poweringittoo.Mostcommonlythewordisusedtodescribeavehicleintendedforpullingsomeothervehicleorobject(seetractionunit).

ThewordcomesfromtheLatintrahere"topull".Aconflictinghistoryofthenamesuggeststhatsteamtractorswereoriginallyreferredtoastractionengines,withtheword"tractor"eventuallyderivingfromacontractionof'traction'and'motor'.[1]

Contents[hide]
1Nationalvariations
2Farmtractor
2.1History
2.2Operation
2.3Powerandtransmission
2.4Safety
2.5Applications
2.6Precisionagriculture
3Backhoeloader
4Engineeringtractors
5EPAtractor
6Othertypesoftractors
7OtherusesofthewordTractor
7.1Inaerospace
7.2Incomputers
7.3Indownholeoil-welldatalogging
8Manufacturers
9Seealso
10References
11Externallinks

[edit]Nationalvariations
InBritain,Australia,India,SpainandPolandtheword"tractor"usuallymeans"farmtractor",andtheuseoftheword"tractor"tomeanothertypesofvehiclesisfamiliartothevehicletradebutunfamiliartomuchofthegeneralpublic.InCanadaandtheUSthewordisalsousedtorefertoaroadtractor.

[edit]Farmtractor

AmodernJohnDeere8110FarmTractorplowingafieldusingachiselplow.Themostcommonuseofthetermisforthevehiclesusedonfarms.Thefarmtractorisusedforpullingorpushingagriculturalmachineryortrailers,forplowing,tilling,disking,harrowing,planting,andsimilartasks.

[edit]History
Thefirstpoweredfarmimplementsintheearly1800swereportableengines–steamenginesonwheelsthatcouldbeusedtodrivemechanicalfarmmachinerybywayofaflexiblebelt.Around1850,thefirsttractionenginesweredevelopedfromthese,andwerewidelyadoptedforagriculturaluse.Wheresoilconditionspermitted,suchastheUS,steamtractorswereusedtodirect-haulploughs,butintheUK,ploughingengineswereusedforcable-hauledploughinginstead.Steam-poweredagriculturalenginesremainedinusewellintothe20thcentury,untilreliableinternalcombustionengineshadbeendeveloped.[2]

In1892,JohnFroelichbuiltthefirstpracticalgasoline-poweredtractorinClaytonCounty,Iowa.Onlytwoweresold,anditwasnotuntil1911,whentheWaterlooGasolineTractionEngineCompanydevelopedthedesign,thatitbecamesuccessful.

InBritain,thefirstrecordedtractorsalewastheoil-burningHornsby-AckroydPatentSafetyOilTractionengine,in1897.However,thefirstcommerciallysuccessfuldesignwasDanAlbone'sthree-wheelIveltractorof1902.In1908,SaundersonsofBedfordintroducedafour-wheeldesign,andwentontobecomethelargesttractormanufactureroutsidetheUSA.

Whileunpopularatfirst,thesegasoline-poweredmachinesbegantocatchoninthe1910sastheybecamesmallerandmoreaffordable.HenryFordintroducedtheFordson,thefirstmass-producedtractorin1917.TheywerebuiltintheU.S.,Ireland,EnglandandRussiaandby1923,Fordsonhad77%oftheU.S.market.TheFordsondispensedwithaframe,usingthestrengthoftheengineblocktoholdthemachinetogether.Bythe1920s,tractorswithagasoline-poweredinternalcombustionenginehadbecomethenorm.

Theclassicfarmtractorisasimpleopenvehicle,withtwoverylargedrivingwheelsonanaxlebelowandslightlybehindasingleseat(theseatandsteeringwheelconsequentlyareinthecenter),andtheengineinfrontofthedriver,withtwosteerablewheelsbelowtheenginecompartment.Thisbasicdesignhasremainedunchangedforanumberofyears,butenclosedcabsarefittedonalmostallmodernmodels,forreasonsofoperatorsafetyandcomfort.

Therearealsolawntractors.CubCadet,Husqvarna,JohnDeere,MasseyFergusonandToroaresomeofthebetter-knownbrands.

[edit]Operation

AsmallredtractortowingacargocartModernfarmtractorsusuallyhavefivefoot-pedalsfortheoperatoronthefloorofthetractor.Thepedalontheleftistheclutch.Theoperatorpressesonthispedaltodisengagethetransmissionforeithershiftinggearsorstoppingthetractor.Twoofthepedalsontherightarethebrakes.Theleftbrakepedalstopstheleftrearwheelandtherightbrakepedaldoesthesamewiththerightside.Thisindependentleftandrightwheelbrakingaugmentsthesteeringofthetractorwhenonlythetworearwheelsaredriven.Thisisusuallydonewhenitisnecessarytomakeatightturn.Thesplitbrakepedalisalsousedinmudorsoftdirttocontrolatirethatspinsduetolossoftraction.Theoperatorpressesbothpedalstogethertostopthetractor.Fortractorswithadditionalfront-wheeldrive,thisoperationoftenengagesthe4-wheellockingdifferentialtohelpstopthetractorwhentravellingatroadspeeds.

Afifthpedaljustinfrontoftheseatoperatesthereardifferentiallock(difflock)whichpreventswheelslip.Thedifferentialallowstheoutsidewheeltotravelfasterthantheinsideoneduringaturn.However,intractionconditionsonasoftsurfacethesamemechanismcouldallowonewheeltoslip,thuspreventingtractiontotheotherwheel.Thedifflockoveridesthis,causingbothwheelstosupplyequaltraction.Caremustbetakentounlockthedifferential,usuallybyhittingthepedalasecondtime,beforeturning,sincethetractorcannotperformaturnwiththedifflockengaged.

Thepedalfurthesttotherightisthefootthrottle.Unlikeinautomobiles,itcanalsobecontrolledfromahand-operatedlever("handthrottle").Thishelpsprovideaconstantspeedinfieldwork.Italsohelpsprovidecontinuouspowerforstationarytractorsthatareoperatinganimplementbyshaftorbelt.Thefootthrottlegivestheoperatormoreautomobile-likecontroloverthespeedofthetractorforroadwork.Thisisafeatureofmorerecenttractors;oldertractorsoftendidnothavethisfeature.IntheUKitismandatorytousethefootpedaltocontrolenginespeedwhiletravellingontheroad.Sometractors,especiallythosedesignedforrow-cropwork,havea'de-accelerator'pedal,whichoperatesinthereversefashiontoanautomobilethrottle,inthatthepedalispusheddowntoslowtheengine.Thisistoallowfinecontroloverthespeedofthetractorwhenmaneuveringattheendofcroprowsinfields-theoperatingspeedoftheengineissetusingthehandthrottle,andiftheoperatorwishestoslowthetractortoturn,hesimplyhastopressthepedal,turnandreleaseitoncetheturniscompleted,ratherthanhavingtoalterthesettingofthehandthrottletwiceduringthemaneuver.

[edit]Powerandtransmission
Modernfarmtractorsemploylargedieselengines,whichrangeinpoweroutputfrom18to575horsepower(15to480kW).Tractorscanbegenerallyclassifiedastwo-wheeldrive,two-wheeldrivewithfrontwheelassist,four-wheeldrive(oftenwitharticulatedsteering),ortracktractors(witheithertwoorfourpoweredrubbertracks).Variationsoftheclassicstyleincludethediminutivelawntractorsandtheirmorecapableandruggedlyconstructedcousins,gardentractors,thatrangefromabout10to25horsepowerandareusedforsmallerfarmtasksandmowinggrassandlandscaping.Theirsize—especiallywithmoderntractors—andtheslowerspeedsarereasonsmotoristsareurgedtousecautionwhenencounteringatractorontheroads.

APTOshaftpluggedintoatractor.Mosttractorshaveameanstotransferpowertoanothermachinesuchasabaler,slasherormower.Earlytractorsusedbeltswrappedaroundpulleystopowerstationaryequipment.Moderntractorsuseapowertake-offshaft(PTO)toproviderotarypowertomachinerythatmaybestationaryorpulled.Almostallmoderntractorscanalsoprovideexternalhydraulicfluidandelectricalpower.

Mostfarmtractorsuseamanualtransmission.Theyhaveseveralsetsofgearratiosdividedintospeeds.Tochangeratioitisusuallynecessarytostopthetractor.Betweenthemtheyprovidearangeofspeedsfromlessthanonemileperhoursuitableforworkingtheland,uptoabout25milesperhourforroaduse.Furthermoreitisusuallynotnecessarytochangegearinordertoreverse,onesimplyselectsalever.Oldertractorsusuallyrequirethattheoperatordepresstheclutchinordertoshiftbetweengears(alimitationofstraight-cutgearsinthegearbox),butmanymoderntractorshaveeliminatedthisrequirementwiththeintroductionoftechnologiessuchaspowershiftinginthe1960'sandmoremoderncontinuouslyvariabletransmissions.Thisallowstheoperatormoreandeasiercontroloverworkingspeedthanthethrottlealonecouldprovide.

Slow,controllablespeedsarenecessaryformostoperationsthatareperformedwithatractor.Theyhelpgivethefarmeralargerdegreeofcontrolincertainsituations,suchasfieldwork.However,whentravellingonpublicroads,theslowoperatingspeedscancauseproblems,suchaslongqueuesortailbacks,whichcandelayoraggravateotherroadusers.Toalleviateconditions,somecountries(forexampletheNetherlands)employaroadsignonsomeroadsthatmeans"nofarmtractors".Somemoderntractors,suchastheJCBFastrac,arenowcapableofmuchmoretolerableroadspeedsofaround50mph.

[edit]Safety

TheclassicRowCroptractor(anAllis-ChalmerWD).Notetheabsenceofanyrolloverprotectionsystem.Moderntractorshaverolloverprotectionsystems(ROPS)topreventanoperatorfrombeingcrushedifthetractorrollsover.Thisisespeciallyimportantinopen-airtractors,wheretheROPSisasteelbeamthatextendsabovetheoperator'sseat.Fortractorswithoperatorcabs,theROPSispartoftheframeofthecab.BeforeROPSwererequired,somefarmersdiedwhentheirtractorsrolledontopofthem.Row-croptractors,beforeROPS,wereparticularlydangerousbecauseoftheir'tricycle'designwiththetwofrontwheelsspacedclosetogetherandangledinwardtowardtheground.Somefarmerswerekilledbyrolloverswhileoperatingtractorsalongsteepslopes.Othershavebeenkilledwhilstattemptingtotoworpullanexcessiveloadfromaboveaxleheight,orwhencoldweathercausedthetirestofreezedown,inbothcasescausingthetractortopivotaroundtherearaxle.ROPSwerefirstrequiredbylegislationinNewZealandinthe1960s.

[edit]Applications
Farmimplementscanbeattachedtotherearofthetractorbyeitheradrawbarorathree-pointhitch.Thethree-pointhitchwasinventedbyHarryFergusonandhasbeenstandardsincethe1960s.Equipmentattachedtothethree-pointhitchcanberaisedorloweredhydraulicallywithacontrollever.Theequipmentattachedtothethree-pointhitchisusuallycompletelysupportedbythetractor.AnotherwaytoattachanimplementisviaaQuickHitch,whichisattachedtothethree-pointhitch.Thisenablesasinglepersontoattachanimplementquickerandputthepersoninlessdangerwhenattachingtheimplement.

Somefarm-typetractorsarefoundelsewherethanonfarms:withlargeuniversities'gardeningdepartments,inpublicparksorforhighwayworkmanusewithblowtorchcylindersstrappedtoitssidesandapneumaticdrillaircompressorpermanentlyfastenedoveritspowertake-off.Theseareoftenfittedwithgrasstyreswhicharelessdamagingtosoftsurfacesthanagriculturaltyres.

[edit]Precisionagriculture
SpacetechnologyhasfounditswayintodowntoagricultureintheformofGPSdevices,androbuston-boardcomputersinstalledasoptionalfeaturesonfarmtractors.Thesetechnologiesareusedinmodern,precisionfarmingtechniques.Thespin-offsfromthespaceracehaveactuallyfacilitatedautomationinplowingandtheuseofautosteersystemsdroneontractorsthataremannedbutonlysteeredattheendofarow,theideabeingtoneitheroverlapandusemorefuelnorleavestreakeswhenperformingjobssuchascultivating.

[edit]Backhoeloader
Mainarticle:Backhoeloader

Acommonbackhoe-loader.Thebackhoeisontheleft,thebucket/bladeontheright.Themostcommonvariationoftheclassicfarmtractoristhehoe,alsocalledahoe-loader.Asthenameimplies,ithasaloaderassemblyonthefrontandabackhoeontheback.Backhoesattachtoa3pointhitchonfarmorindustrialtractors.Industrialtractorsareoftenheavierinconstructionparticularlywithregardstotheuseofsteelgrillforprotectionfromrocksandtheuseofconstructiontires.Whenthebackhoeispermanentlyattached,themachineusuallyhasaseatthatcanswiveltothereartofacethehoecontrols.Removablebackhoeattachmentsalmostalwayshaveaseparateseatontheattachment.

Backhoe-loadersareverycommonandcanbeusedforawidevarietyoftasks:construction,smalldemolitions,lighttransportationofbuildingmaterials,poweringbuildingequipment,diggingholes,breakingasphaltandpavingroads.Somebucketshavearetractablebottom,enablingthemtoemptytheirloadmorequicklyandefficiently.Bucketswithretractablebottomsarealsooftenusedforgradingandscratchingoffsand.Thefrontassemblymaybearemovableattachmentorpermanentlymounted.Oftenthebucketcanbereplacedwithotherdevicesortools.

Theirrelativelysmallframeandprecisecontrolmakebackhoe-loadersveryusefulandcommoninurbanengineeringprojectssuchasconstructionandrepairsinareastoosmallforlargerequipment.Theirversatilityandcompactsizemakesthemoneofthemostpopularurbanconstructionvehicles.

IntheUK,theword"JCB"issometimesusedcolloquiallyasagenericizedtrademarkforanysuchtypeofengineeringvehicle,JCBnowappearsintheOxfordEnglishDictionary,althoughitisstilltreatedasatrademark.InsomeareasofNorthAmericaabackhoesisoftenreferredtoasa530aftertheJ.I.Case&Co.530ConstructionKingtractor.

[edit]Engineeringtractors

AtractorfactoryinChelyabinskintheSovietUnioncirca1930.Thedurabilityandenginepoweroftractorsmadethemverysuitableforengineeringtasks.Tractorscanbefittedwithengineeringtoolssuchasdozerblade,bucket,hoe,ripper,andsoon.Themostcommonattachmentsforthefrontofatractoraredozerbladeorabucket.Whenattachedwithengineeringtoolsthetractoriscalledanengineeringvehicle.

Abulldozerisatrack-typetractorattachedwithbladeinthefrontandarope-winchbehind.Bulldozersareverypowerfultractorsandhaveexcellentground-hold,astheirmaintasksaretopushordragthings.

Bulldozershavebeenfurthermodifiedovertimetoevolveintonewmachineswhicharecapableofworkinginwaysthattheoriginalbulldozercannot.Oneexampleisthatloadertractorswerecreatedbyremovingthebladeandsubstitutingalargevolumebucketandhydraulicarmswhichcanraiseandlowerthebucket,thusmakingitusefulforscoopingupearth,rockandsimilarloosematerialtoloaditintotrucks.

Afront-loaderorloaderisatractorwithanengineeringtoolwhichconsistsoftwohydraulicpoweredarmsoneithersideofthefrontenginecompartmentandatiltingimplement.Thisisusuallyawideopenboxcalledabucketbutothercommonattachmentsareapalletforkandabalegrappler.

Othermodificationstotheoriginalbulldozerincludemakingthemachinesmallertoletitoperateinsmallworkareaswheremovementislimited.Therearealsotinywheeledloaders,officiallycalledSkid-steerloadersbutnicknamed"Bobcat"aftertheoriginalmanufacturer,whichareparticularlysuitedforsmallexcavationprojectsinconfinedareas.

[edit]EPAtractor

AFordrebuilttoanEPAtractor.
AVolvoDuettrebuilttoanEPAtractor.Obviouslytheintendeduseisnolongerasafarmvehicle.
An"Atractor"basedonVolvo760.Noticetheslowvehicletriangleandthelongerboot.DuringWorldWarIItherewasashortageoftractorsinSwedenandthisledtotheinventionofanewtypeoftractorcalledtheEPAtractor(EPAwasachainofdiscountstoresanditwasoftenusedtosignifysomethinglackinginquality).AnEPAtractorwassimplyanautomobile,truckorlorry,withthepassengerspacewascutoffbehindthefrontseats,equippedwithtwogearboxesinarow.Whendonetoanoldercarwithaladderframe,theresultwasnotdissimilartoatractorandcouldbeusedasone.

Afterthewaritremainedpopular,nownotasafarmvehicle,butasawayforyoungpeoplewithoutadriver'slicensetoownsomethingsimilartoacar.Sinceitwaslegallyseenasatractoritcouldbedrivenfrom16yearsofageandonlyrequiredatractorlicense.EventuallythelegalloopholewasclosedandnonewEPAtractorswereallowedtobemade,buttheremainingwerestilllegal,somethingthatledtoinflatedpricesandmanyprotestsfrompeoplethatpreferredEPAtractorstoordinarycars.

InMarch31,1975asimilartypeofvehiclewasintroduced,theAtractor[fromarbetstraktor(worktractor)].ThemaindifferenceisthatanAtractorhasatopspeedof30km/h.Thisisusuallydonebyfittingtwogearboxesinarowandnotusingoneofthem.VolvoDuettwasforalongtimetheprimarychoiceforconversiontoanEPAorAtractor,but,sincesupplieshavedriedup,othercarshavebeenused,inmostcasesaVolvo.

[edit]Othertypesoftractors
Thetermtractor(US&Canada)ortractorunit(UK)isalsoappliedto:

Roadtractorsortractorunits
Heavy-dutyvehicleswithlargeenginesandseveralaxles.Thesetractorsaredesignedtopulllongsemi-trailers,mostoftenforthetransportoffreightofsomekindoverasignificantdistance(seealsosemi-trailertruck).InEnglandthistypeof"tractor"isoftencalledan"articcab".
Locomotivetractors(engines)orRailcarmovers
Theamalgamationofmachines,electricalgenerators,controlsanddevicesthatcomprisethetractioncomponentofrailwayvehicles
Artillerytractors
Vehiclesusedtotowartillerypiecesofvaryingweights.参考资料维基百科